Corn protein powder VS fish meal, soybean meal

　　Abstract: Corn gluten meal contains essential amino acids in amounts greater than fish meal , soybean meal and total essential amino acids in which the sulfur containing amino acid, leucine content greater than fish meal and soybean meal, corn gluten meal but amino acid imbalance, especially essential amino acids, such as Lysine, tryptophan and the like are lacking, and the water solubility is poor. This unique amino acid model has a low nutritional value.

　　Corn gluten meal is a protein-rich product made from degeromerization, pulverization, slag removal, corn starch extraction, and dehydration, and the crude protein content is not less than 50% (on a dry basis). The corn starch is obtained by the wet milling process, and then the protein water separated by the starch separator is concentrated by a concentration centrifuge or a sedimentation tank, and the corn protein powder is obtained by dehydration and drying. There are also corn protein powders as processing by-products after lysine extraction. China’s annual output of corn protein powder is more than 2.2 million tons. The crude protein of corn gluten meal is more than 50%, some up to 70%, and the color is golden. It is a commonly used protein feed material and is commonly used in various animal diets .

　　1 Chemical composition of corn gluten meal

　　The crude protein content of corn gluten meal is about 50-60%, and the main proteins are: zein (68%), glutelin (22%), globulin (GIobulin, 1.2%) and a small amount of white. Protein (Albumin). The amino acid composition of corn gluten meal is not good, and the contents of Ile, Leu, Val, Ala, Pro, G1u are high, while Lys and Trp are seriously insufficient. Although the amino acid composition of corn gluten meal is not good, this unique amino acid composition can be controlled by bioengineering to obtain an active peptide having various physiological functions. It should be noted that the total amino acid content of corn protein powder is higher than that of soybean meal and fish meal, and the content of sulfur-containing amino acid and leucine is higher than that of soybean meal and fish meal. Therefore, corn protein powder can complement the soybean meal and fish meal protein source. In addition, the crude protein content of corn gluten meal is low; the metabolizable energy is comparable to or higher than that of corn; the iron content is higher; the vitamin content of vitamins is higher; and the pigment is rich.

　　Table 1 Chemical composition and amino acid composition of corn gluten meal

　　2 Corn protein powder used as a feed protein source 

　　Corn protein powder can be used as a chicken feed to save methionine, and the coloring effect is obvious, which is especially suitable for the author’s poultry feed ingredients. However, because the corn gluten meal is very fine, its dosage in the chicken compound feed should not be too large (generally below 5%), otherwise it will affect the feed intake of the chicken . Corn gluten meal has good palatabilityto pigs . It can also play a role in balancing amino acids in combination with soybean meal. Its dosage in pig compound feed is generally about 15%. Corn gluten meal can also be used as a protein feed materialfor dairy cows and beef cattle . However, because of its high density, it needs to be used with feed materials with low density, and its addition amount in the concentrate is preferably 30%. In addition, in the process of using corn gluten meal, attention should also be paid to the detection of the content of mold (especially aflatoxin). 

　　Corn protein powder has high protein content and rich amino acid types, which can be used to replace protein feed materials such as fish meal and soybean meal. Liu Yanqiang’s research results show that Lys is the first limiting amino acid for corn protein powder fed to growing and finishing pigs. Therefore, when corn protein powder is used instead of soybean meal as a protein source for pigs, Lys must be added to the diet. The protein content of corn gluten meal is also directly related to the apparent digestion energy of pigs. Qin Xudong’s research results show that adding 50% alcohol zein powder to the finishing feed of finishing pigs can increase the average daily gain of pigs and increase the body length and chest circumference of pigs. Guo Liang and other research results show that the apparent digestion energy and energy digestibility of growing pigs on corn protein powder (CP 32%) is higher than corn protein powder (CP 52%) and corn protein powder (CP 47.4%). The laying hens, which are mainly based on corn gluten meal , can improve the growth and growth of laying hens, thereby improving the laying rate of egg hens and the protein quality of eggs. Li Peihua and other experiments using different amounts of corn gluten meal instead of equal amounts of soybean meal to feed laying hens showed that replacing 7% soybean meal with corn protein powder can improve egg laying rate and feed utilization efficiency. 

　　3 corn gluten meal usedBroiler coloring products 

　　Corn gluten meal has high content of lutein, which can be effectively absorbed or deposited on the surface of chicken skin by the intestinal tract of the chicken, so that the egg is golden yellow and the skin of the chicken is yellow. Yang Tutian et al reported that adding 6.5% corn protein powder to the brown shell chicken diet can increase the egg yellow color grade. 

　　4 Other applications of 

　　corn gluten meal Corn gluten meal is rich in linoleic acid, which can promote the lipid metabolism of chickens and ensure the synthesis of essential amino acids, which is beneficial to increase energy digestibility. In the production of cattle, the use of corn protein powder as a concentrate can also allow some proteins that cannot be digested by the rumen to be better digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Guo Liang et al studied the effects of different types of corn protein powder dietary fiber and energy on nitrogen metabolism in growing pigs. The results showed that the NDF or CF content of corn protein powder diet decreased, and the ratio of fecal nitrogen to dietary nitrogen decreased, ie nitrogen emission. Reduced, the total nitrogen utilization efficiency is increased, which can reduce environmental pollution. Han Bin et al studied the effect of corn protein powder replacing some fish meal on the disease resistance and non-specific immunity of L. vannamei. The results showed that the amount of corn protein powder did not exceed 15% (replaces 25.8% fish meal), and did not affect the vannamei Disease resistance and lysozyme, superoxide dismutase activity, which can reduce feed costs. In addition, people have begun to use corn gluten meal to prepare protein fermented powder, amino acid (L-glutamic acid, L-leucine), zein, zeaxanthin, zein active peptide and other products, these corn protein powder processing The product has no toxic and side effects, and has the characteristics of low cost, wide source and low price, and the application prospect is considerable. 

　　References: Yan Jiayou, “The Quality of Corn Protein Powder and Its Application in Livestock and Poultry Feed”